如何在新的Ubuntu系统上安装NVIDIA官方驱动和cuda-toolkit

1、安装gcc、make

2、安装pkg-config、libglvnd-dev

3、删除所有Ubuntu自带NVIDIA驱动和禁用nouveau

sudo apt purge '*nvidia*'

sudo reboot

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

blacklist nouveau 
options nouveau modeset=0

sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo reboot

lsmod | grep nouveau

4、使用inxi查看系统显卡的驱动程序：

sudo apt install inxi
inxi -G

Graphics:
  Device-1: NVIDIA GM107 [GeForce GTX 750] driver: N/A
  Device-2: NVIDIA GP100GL [Tesla P100 PCIe 16GB] driver: N/A
  Display: server: X.org v: 1.21.1.13 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.2 driver: N/A tty: 166x28
  API: EGL v: 1.5 drivers: swrast platforms: surfaceless,device
  API: OpenGL v: 4.5 vendor: mesa v: 24.2.8-1ubuntu1~24.10.1 note: console (EGL sourced)
    renderer: llvmpipe (LLVM 19.1.1 256 bits)

5、禁用gdm3或lightdm

sudo systemctl stop gdm3

6、安装单文件驱动（注意导出X-Server-Config的备份）

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-570.86.15.run

7、安装单文件cuda安装包

sudo ./cuda_12.8.0_570.86.10_linux.run

注意取消勾选Driver

8、修改环境变量

nano ~/.bashrc

export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-12.8/bin"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda-12.8/lib64"

source ~/.bashrc

9、检查cuda-toolkit是否正确安装：

nvcc --version

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2025 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Jan_15_19:20:09_PST_2025
Cuda compilation tools, release 12.8, V12.8.61
Build cuda_12.8.r12.8/compiler.35404655_0

10、驱动是否正确安装：

nvidia-smi

Fri Feb 28 18:19:01 2025       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 570.86.15              Driver Version: 570.86.15      CUDA Version: 12.8     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750         Off |   00000000:06:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 33%   33C    P8              1W /   38W |      10MiB /   1024MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
|   1  Tesla P100-PCIE-16GB           Off |   00000000:07:00.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   32C    P0             26W /  250W |       0MiB /  16384MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

11、如何卸载驱动：

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-535.113.01.run --uninstall